ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To evaluate the impacts of a nutritional education intervention for patients with multiple chronic conditions during smoking cessation. Methods The non-probabilistic sample comprised 18 adults and seniors of both sexes recruited from a smoking cessation treatment group. At the beginning of treatment, smoking history, degree of dependence, and stage of motivation were assessed. Degree of craving was evaluated weekly for the 1st month. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were conducted at baseline, at 1 month, and at 3 months. Dietary intake was assessed with the "How is your diet?" questionnaire. The nutritional intervention was delivered in three sessions. The themes covered were energy balance and physical activity, healthy eating, and the importance of fruit and vegetables in the diet. Statistical analysis was conducted with the Shapiro Wilk test of normality, the paired t test, and the Wilcoxon or Mann-Whitney U tests (significance ≤ 0.05). Results Most people (55.6%) in the intervention group had a high degree of smoking dependence, while the frequency in the control group was 22.2%. Degree of craving decreased significantly after 1 month of treatment (p = 0.017). After 3 months, both groups had a positive variation in mean body weight, although below 3%. In both groups, the average percentage of weight gain was less than 3%, suggesting that delivery of the nutritional education sessions and the nutritionist's use of the protocol proposed by the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) helped to control weight gain. Blood glucose and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) both increased significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.15 and p = 0.50, respectively). Conclusion Greater proximity and more frequent intervention by a nutritionist assists and encourages healthy eating practices during the smoking cessation process, which can benefit individuals' control of chronic diseases over the long term.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: mensurar a ativação de pacientes em hemodiálise e determinar os fatores associados à ativação dessa população. Materiais e método: estudo exploratório, de caráter descritivo e corte transversal com 162 pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico no interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a abril de 2019, com instrumentos para avaliação sociodemográfica, socioeconômica e clínica e da escala Patient Activation Measure de 13 itens. A análise de dados foi realizada por estatística descritiva e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: a medida de ativação dos pacientes em hemodiálise variou de 39,4 a 90,7 pontos, em que a média é 60,85 + 15,57 pontos e a mediana 53,2 (IC: 58,4- 63,3) pontos. Dos participantes, 52,5 % (n = 85) apresentavam baixa ativação, sendo que o menor quantitativo de pessoas (18,5 %, n = 30) se encontrava no nível 3. Foi associado à maior prevalência de alta ativação o fato de apresentar o nível superior de ensino e não necessitar de cuidador. Conclusões: embora as variáveis associadas à alta ativação não sejam modificadas pelos profissionais de saúde, conhecê-las permite inferir qual o perfil de pacientes em hemodiálise que necessitam de intervenções direcionadas ao aumento dos níveis de ativação
Objetivo: medir la activación de pacientes en hemodiálisis y determinar los factores asociados con la activación de esta población. Materiales y método: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal con 162 pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis en el interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los datos fueron recopilados entre enero y abril de 2019 mediante instrumentos para evaluación sociodemográfica, socioeconómica y ecológica y el uso de la escala de Medición de Activación del Paciente de 13 ítems. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo por medio de estadística descriptiva y regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados: la medida de activación de los pacientes en hemodiálisis osciló entre 39,4 y 90,7 puntos, siendo la media de 60,85 ± 15,57 puntos y la mediana de 53,2 (IC: 58,4-63,3) puntos. El 52,5 % (n = 85) de los participantes presentaba baja activación y el 18,5 % (n = 30) de la muestra fue clasificado en el nivel 3. Tener un nivel de educación superior y no requerir de un cuidador fueron variables asociadas a una mayor prevalencia de alta activación en este tipo de pacientes. Conclusiones: aunque las variables asociadas con una alta activación no pueden ser modificadas por los profesionales de la salud, conocerlas permite inferir el perfil de pacientes en hemodiálisis que requiere intervenciones dirigidas a incrementar sus niveles de activación.
Objective: To measure the activation of hemodialysis patients and determine the factors associated with the activation of this population. Materials and method: Exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study with 162 hemodialysis patients residing in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data was collected from January to April 2019, using instruments for sociodemographic, socioeconomic and clinical evaluation and the 13-item Patient Activation Measure scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The activation measure of the studied patients ranged from 39.4 to 90.7 points, with a mean of 60.85 ± 15.57 points and a median of 53.2 (CI: 58.4-63.3). Among participants, 52.5 % (n = 85) reported low activation, while the smallest share of patients (18.5 %, n = 30) was classified within level 3. A higher level of educational attainment and not requiring a caregiver were the variables associated with a higher prevalence of high activation among these patients. Conclusions: Although the variables associated with high activation cannot be modified by health professionals, recognizing them allows us to infer the profile of hemodialysis patients in need for interventions aimed at increasing their activation levels.